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1 patronage
1. n покровительство, попечительство; шефство2. n покровительственное отношение3. n церк. право назначения на должностьpatronage appointee — лицо, назначенное на должность в государственном аппарате за услуги, оказанные партии, победившей на выборах
4. n контроль за раздачей общественных должностей и привилегий5. n амер. раздача должностей и постов победившей партией6. n разг. покровительство покупателей; частная финансовая поддержка7. n разг. клиентура, постоянные посетителиСинонимический ряд:1. advocacy (noun) advocacy; promotion; sponsoring2. clientele (noun) clientele3. condescension (noun) condescension; deference; sufferance; tolerance4. spoils (noun) spoils5. support (noun) aegis; assistance; auspices; backing; benefaction; encouragement; patronisation; pork-barreling; sponsorship; support6. trade (noun) business; commerce; custom; purchasing; shopping; trade; traffic -
2 business
1. n дело, постоянное занятие, специальность2. n дело, работаbusiness hours — рабочие часы, часы работы
to get down to business — взяться за дело, взяться за работу
you call it pleasure, I call it business — вы называете это развлечением, я же считаю это работой
what is your business here? — зачем вы сюда пришли?; что вам здесь надо?
dispatch of business — разрешение дел; отправление функций
3. n повестка дняother business — разное, прочие вопросы
4. n дело, обязанность, долг, назначение; круг обязанностейwhat business is that of yours? — какое ваше дело?, что вы вмешиваетесь?
5. n торговля, коммерческая деятельность, бизнесbusiness failure — банкротство, крах
business depression — застой в торговле; экономическая депрессия; экономический кризис
to go into business — заняться торговлей, стать торговцем
to do business — заниматься коммерцией, быть коммерсантом
business week — "Бизнес уик"
6. n торговое дело, коммерческое предприятие, фирмаbanking business — банковское дело, банк
business problem — коммерческая задача; экономическая задача
despatch of business — разрешение дел; отправление функций
7. n торговая, коммерческая сделка8. n разг. дело, вопрос, случай9. n театр. игра, мимикаthis part has a good deal of comic business as played by him — он вносит комический элемент в исполнение этой роли
10. n театр. актёрские атрибуты, приспособления11. n театр. уст. отношения, связи12. n театр. уст. занятость; усердие13. n театр. амер. клиентура, покупатели; публика14. n театр. эвф. «серьёзное дело»«занятие», проституция
no monkey business! — без фокусов!, без глупостей!
business as usual — замалчивание трудностей или проблем;
crook business — тёмное дело, афера
Синонимический ряд:1. commercial (adj.) commercial; industrial; mercantile2. affair (noun) affair; affairs; concern; concerns; interest; lookout; matter; matters; occasions; palaver; palavers; shooting match; thing; things3. barter (noun) bargaining; barter; negotiation; traffic4. commerce (noun) commerce; custom; exchange; industry; job; livelihood; patronage; production; racket; sector; trade; transaction5. company (noun) company; corporation; enterprise; establishment; firm; house; operation; outfit; partnership; station; syndicate6. doodad (noun) dingus; dofunny; doodad; doohickey; gadget; gizmo; jigger; rigamajig; thingum; thingumajig; thingumbob; thingummy7. function (noun) duty; function; office; position; province; role8. occupation (noun) calling; craft; employment; line; occupation; profession; pursuit; specialty; venture; vocation; workАнтонимический ряд:hobby; inactivity; leisure; unemployment -
3 приверженность покупателя определённому магазину
Business: patronageУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > приверженность покупателя определённому магазину
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4 custom
noun1) Brauch, der; Sitte, die[the] Customs — (government department) der Zoll
go through Customs — durch den Zoll gehen (ugs.)
3) (Law) Gewohnheitsrecht, daswe should like to have your custom — wir hätten Sie gern zum/zur od. als Kunden/Kundin
* * *1) (what a person etc is in the habit of doing or does regularly: It's my custom to go for a walk on Saturday mornings; religious customs.) der Brauch2) (the regular buying of goods at the same shop etc; trade or business: The new supermarkets take away custom from the small shops.) die Kundschaft•- academic.ru/17992/customary">customary- customarily
- customer
- customs* * *cus·tom[ˈkʌstəm]nlocal \custom Gepflogenheit faround here it's a local \custom to... hier [bei uns] ist es Brauch,...an ancient \custom ein alter Brauchin my country, it's the \custom to... in meinem Land ist es üblich, dass...a national/strange \custom ein landesüblicher/seltsamer Brauchit is her \custom to... es ist ihre Gewohnheit,...▪ as is sb's \custom wie es jds Gewohnheit ist\custom of the trade Usance fto withdraw one's \custom [or take one's \custom elsewhere] anderswohin gehenif we don't give good service, people will withdraw their \custom wenn wir keinen guten Service bieten, gehen die Kunden eben anderswohin* * *['kʌstəm]1. ncustom demands... —
as custom has it our customs — unsere Bräuche pl, unsere Sitten und Gebräuche pl
2) (= habit) (An)gewohnheit fit was his custom to rest each afternoon — er pflegte am Nachmittag zu ruhen (geh)
3) no pl (COMM: patronage) Kundschaft fto take one's custom elsewhere — (als Kunde) anderswo hingehen, woanders Kunde werden
we get a lot of custom from tourists — wir haben viele Touristen als Kunden, viele unserer Kunden sind Touristen
4) pl (= duty, organization) Zoll mto go through customs — durch den Zoll gehen
2. adjcustom tailor — Maßschneider( in) m(f)
* * *custom [ˈkʌstəm]A s1. a) Brauch m, Sitte f, pl auch Brauchtum nb) (An)Gewohnheit f:it is the custom es ist üblich ( to do zu tun);this is not the custom here das ist hier nicht üblich;as was the custom wie es Sitte oder Brauch war;it was his custom ( oder his custom was) to go for a walk after dinner er pflegte nach dem Essen einen Spaziergang zu machen, er machte nach dem Essen gewöhnlich einen Spaziergang;2. koll Sitten pl und Gebräuche pla) fester Brauch,b) Gewohnheitsrecht n5. WIRTSCH Kundschaft f:a) Kunden(kreis) pl(m)b) Kundesein n:get sb’s custom jemanden als Kunden gewinnen;lose a great deal of custom viele Kunden verlieren;take one’s custom elsewhere woanders hingehen oder (ein)kaufen, anderswo Kunde werden;have withdrawn one’s custom from nicht mehr Kunde sein oder (ein)kaufen bei6. pl Zoll m:get sth through the customs etwas durch den Zoll bekommen;customs authorities → A 77. pl Zollbehörde f, -amt nB adj1. besonders UScustom shoes Maßschuhe;custom work Maßarbeit fb) auf Bestellung oder für Kunden arbeitend:custom tailor Maßschneider(in)2. IT benutzerdefiniert (Programm etc)* * *noun1) Brauch, der; Sitte, die[the] Customs — (government department) der Zoll
go through Customs — durch den Zoll gehen (ugs.)
3) (Law) Gewohnheitsrecht, daswe should like to have your custom — wir hätten Sie gern zum/zur od. als Kunden/Kundin
* * *adj.kundenspezifisch adj. n.Brauch -¨e m.Gepflogenheit f.Gewohnheit f.Sitte -n f. -
5 Kundschaft
Kundschaft
custom, patronage (coll.), clientele, business, buyers, connection, connexion (Br.), (Einzelkunden) customers, (Firmenwert) goodwill;
• auf die Wünsche der Kundschaft eingestellt customer-directed;
• mit geringer Kundschaft ill-customized;
• mit guter Kundschaft with a good clientele;
• ohne Kundschaft uncustomed;
• zur Unterrichtung der Kundschaft for customer orientation;
• anspruchsvolle Kundschaft demanding customers;
• ausgedehnte Kundschaft wide connection;
• feste Kundschaft steady customers;
• meine Kundschaft my class of business;
• unzufriedene Kundschaft consumer dissatisfaction;
• gut verdienende Kundschaft upper-income customers;
• Kundschaft mit niedrigerem Einkommen lower-income customers;
• jem. die Kundschaft abjagen to alienate s. one’s clients from s. o.;
• Kundschaft anlocken to draw customers into the store;
• Kundschaft anziehen (Anzeige) to pull custom (US);
• seine Kundschaft wegen schlechter Bedienung aufgeben to take away one’s patronage because of poor service;
• Kundschaft bedienen to serve customers;
• neue Kundschaft bekommen to get new customers;
• Kundschaft besuchen to canvass customers;
• Kundschaft erhalten to retain customers;
• sich Kundschaft erwerben to build up custom, to get business, to work up a connection;
• neue Kundschaft gewinnen to acquire customers;
• vornehme Kundschaft haben to have a select patronage;
• wenig Kundschaft haben to have little custom;
• über mangelnde Kundschaft nicht zu klagen haben to lack no clients;
• sich die Aufmerksamkeit seiner Kundschaft sichern to key one’s publicity;
• Kundschaft übernehmen to acquire the goodwill;
• seine Kundschaft verlieren to lose business (one’s customers);
• mit Kundschaft versorgen to custom;
• auf Kundschaft warten (Taxifahrer) to ply for hire (Br.), to cruise;
• jem. die Kundschaft wegnehmen to entice away the custom of s. o.;
• Kundschaft werben to solicit customers. -
6 връзка
1. tieвръзки за обуща shoe-laces, bootlaces2. (вратовръзка) (neck-)tie3. (еднакви предмети, свързани заедно) bunch, stringвръзка вестници a packet of newspapersвръзка ключове a bunch of keysвръзка лук a rope of onionsвръзка репички a bunch of radishesвръзка риба a string of fish4. анат. ligament, copula5. хим. linkage; bond6. прен. bond, tie, link, connection, relation, contactвръзката между теорията и практиката the connection between theory and practiceжп. връзка railway connectionмежду А и Б има никаква връзка there is no relationship between A and Втова няма никаква връзка с въпроса this is irrelevant to the subject, this has no bearing on the subjectразг. that is beside the pointвъв връзка сме един с друг we are in touch (with each other)тези въпроси са във взаимна връзка these questions are interrelated/interconnectedвлизам в телефонна връзка с get through toделови връзки business relationsдипломатически връзки diplomatic relationsустановявам дипломатически връзки с establish diplomatic relations withпрекъсвам дипломатическите си връзки break off/sever diplomatic relations withкръвни връзки ties of bloodкултурни връзки cultural relationsлюбовни връзки liaison, (love-)affairприятелски връзки friendly relations, ties of friendshipроднински връзки ties of relationship, kinship tiesсемейни връзки family tiesстари връзки old links/connectionsтърговски връзки trade relations/contactsчовек с добри връзки a well-connected manчовек с широки връзки a man with a wide acquaintance (ship)чрез връзки through patronage, by pulling stringsвлизам във връзка с get in touch with, establish/take up contact withвлизам в непосредствена връзка с make direct contact withимам много връзки have many tiesимам силни връзки know the right peopleизползувам връзките си pull strings, do some string-pullingподдържам връзки maintain touch/communication, keep in touch/contact (с with)поддържам лични връзки cultivate personal contacts (с with)поставям някого във връзка с put s.o. in touch withскъсвам всички връзки с cut all ties/links withсъздавам си връзки form connections, make contactsустановявам връзки establish contact, enter into relations (с with)7. mex. ( свързване) tie, coupling8. воен. intercommunication, signals, liaison(за човек) contact man* * *връ̀зка,ж., -и 1. tie; \връзкаи за обувки shoe-laces, boot-laces;2. ( вратовръзка) (neck-)tie;3. ( еднакви предмети, свързани заедно) bunch, string; \връзкаа вестници a packet of newspapers; \връзкаа ключове a bunch of keys; \връзкаа лук a rope of onions; \връзкаа репички a bunch of radishes; \връзкаа риба a string of fish;4. анат. ligament, copula;5. хим. linkage; bond;6. прен. bond, tie, link, connection, relation, contact; без \връзкаа neither here nor there; влизам в телефонна \връзкаа c get through to; влизам във \връзкаа с get in touch with, establish/take up contact with; жп \връзкаа railway connection; \връзкаи с обществеността public relations; във \връзкаа съм с be in touch with; делови \връзкаи business relations; жива \връзкаа между … и … (the) living bond between … and …; загубвам \връзкаа с lose touch with; използвам \връзкаите си pull strings, do some string-pulling; има \връзкаа между влаковете the trains connect; имам много \връзкаи have many ties, have backstairs influence; имам силни \връзкаи know the right people; кръвни \връзкаи ties of blood; любовна \връзкаа liaison; (love-)affair; разг. fling; поддържам лични \връзкаи cultivate personal contacts (c with); поставям някого във \връзкаа c put s.o. in touch with; причинна \връзкаа a casual connection/relationship/nexus; приятелски \връзкаи friendly relations, ties of friendship; родствени \връзкаи ties of relationship, kinship ties; скъсвам всички \връзкаи с cut all ties/links with; слаба \връзкаа a tenuous tie; стари \връзкаи old links/connections; създавам си \връзкаи form connections, make contacts; тайна \връзкаа a secret tie; тези въпроси са във взаимна \връзкаа these questiones are interrelated/interconnect; телефонна \връзкаа telephone communication/contact, telephone-line; това няма никаква \връзкаа с въпроса this is irrelevant to the subject, this has no bearing on the subject, that is beside the point; търговски \връзкаи trade relations/contacts; тясна \връзкаа между a close bond between; установявам \връзкаи establish contact, enter into relations (c with); човек с добри \връзкаи a well-connected man; човек с широки \връзкаи a man with a wide acquaintance(ship); чрез \връзкаи through patronage, by pulling strings, by the old-boy network;7. техн. ( свързване) tie, coupling;8. воен. intercommunication, signals, liaison; • \връзка (за човек) contact man; без \връзкаа c without reference to.* * *alliance: marriage-връзкаs - брачни връзки; bootlace (за обувки); bunch: a връзка of radishes - връзка репички; commissure; communication; concatenation; connection{kx`nekSn}: in връзка with - във връзка с; contact; cord{kO:d} (анат.); lace; liaison (воен.); ligament; nexus{`neksxs}; reference: diplomatic връзкаs - дипломатически връзки; relationship; tie{tai}; truss* * *1. (вратовръзка) (neck-)tie 2. (еднакви предмети, свързани заедно) bunch, string 3. (за човек) contact man 4. mеx. (свързване) tie, coupling 5. tie 6. ВРЪЗКА вестници a packet of newspapers 7. ВРЪЗКА ключове a bunch of keys 8. ВРЪЗКА лук a rope of onions 9. ВРЪЗКА репички a bunch of radishes 10. ВРЪЗКА риба а string of fish 11. ВРЪЗКАта между теорията и практиката the connection between theory and practice 12. анат. ligament, copula 13. без ВРЪЗКА neither here nor there, without any apparent connection 14. без ВРЪЗКА с without reference to 15. влизам в непосредствена ВРЪЗКА с make direct contact with 16. влизам в телефонна ВРЪЗКА с get through to 17. влизам във ВРЪЗКА с get in touch with, establish/ take up contact with 18. воен. intercommunication, signals, liaison 19. връзки за обуща shoe-laces, bootlaces 20. във ВРЪЗКА с in connection with 21. във ВРЪЗКА с това in this connection, with regard to this 22. във ВРЪЗКА сме един с друг we are in touch (with each other) 23. във ВРЪЗКА съм с be in touch with 24. делови връзки business relations 25. дипломатически връзки diplomatic relations 26. жива ВРЪЗКА между... и... (the) living bond between... and... 27. жп. ВРЪЗКА railway connection 28. загубвам ВРЪЗКА c lose touch with 29. използувам връзките си pull strings, do some string-pulling 30. има ВРЪЗКА между влаковете the trains connect 31. имам много връзки have many ties 32. имам силни връзки know the right people 33. кръвни връзки ties of blood 34. културни връзки cultural relations 35. любовни връзки liaison, (love-)affair 36. между А и Б има никаква ВРЪЗКА there is no relationship) between A and В 37. поддържам връзки maintain touch/communication, keep in touch/contact (c with) 38. поддържам лични връзки cultivate personal contacts (c with) 39. поставям някого във ВРЪЗКА с put s. o. in touch with 40. прекъсвам дипломатическите си връзки break off/sever diplomatic relations with 41. прен. bond, tie, link, connection, relation, contact 42. причинна ВРЪЗКА a causal connection/relationship/ nexus 43. приятелски връзки friendly relations, ties of friendship 44. разг. that is beside the point 45. роднински връзки ties of relationship, kinship ties 46. семейни връзки family ties 47. скъсвам всички връзки с cut all ties/links with 48. слаба ВРЪЗКА a tenuous tie 49. стари връзки old links/connections 50. създавам си връзки form connections, make contacts 51. тайна ВРЪЗКА a secret tie 52. тези въпроси са във взаимна ВРЪЗКА these questions are interrelated/interconnected 53. телефонна ВРЪЗКА telephone communication/contact, telephone-line 54. това няма никаква ВРЪЗКА с въпроса this is irrelevant to the subject, this has no bearing on the subject 55. търговски връзки trade relations/contacts 56. тясна ВРЪЗКА между А и Б a close bond between A and В 57. установявам връзки establish contact, enter into relations (c with) 58. установявам дипломатически връзки с establish diplomatic relations with 59. хим. linkage;bond 60. човек с добри връзки а well-connected man 61. човек с широки връзки a man with a wide acquaintance(ship) 62. чрез връзки through patronage, by pulling strings -
7 clientela
f.1 customers.2 clientele, client base.* * ** * *noun f.1) customers2) practice* * *SF (Com) clientele, customers pl ; (Med) practice, patients pl* * *femenino (de restaurante, tienda) clientele, customers (pl); ( de hotel) guests (pl); ( de abogado) clients (pl)* * *= clientele, patronage, customer base.Ex. Some libraries will find this kind of integrated approach helpful to their clientele, in that it draws items together by their content, irrespective of their physical form.Ex. Ostensibly, the maneuver was accomplished to curb patronage abuses and make it easier to dismiss deadwood employees in the long run.Ex. Oracle is a multibillion company with a strong brand name and large customer base.* * *femenino (de restaurante, tienda) clientele, customers (pl); ( de hotel) guests (pl); ( de abogado) clients (pl)* * *= clientele, patronage, customer base.Ex: Some libraries will find this kind of integrated approach helpful to their clientele, in that it draws items together by their content, irrespective of their physical form.
Ex: Ostensibly, the maneuver was accomplished to curb patronage abuses and make it easier to dismiss deadwood employees in the long run.Ex: Oracle is a multibillion company with a strong brand name and large customer base.* * *(de un restaurante) clientele, customers (pl); (de un hotel) guests (pl); (de un abogado) clients (pl)* * *
clientela sustantivo femenino (de tienda, restaurante) clientele, customers (pl);
( de hotel) guests (pl);
( de abogado) clients (pl)
' clientela' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
escogido
- exigente
English:
clientele
- custom
- shut down
- business
* * *clientela nf[de tienda, garaje] customers; [de banco, abogado] clients; [de hotel] guests; [de bar, restaurante] clientele* * *f clientele, customers pl* * *clientela nf: clientele, customers pl* * *1. (en tienda) customers2. (de empresa) clients -
8 custom
1) (what a person etc is in the habit of doing or does regularly: It's my custom to go for a walk on Saturday mornings; religious customs.) costumbre2) (the regular buying of goods at the same shop etc; trade or business: The new supermarkets take away custom from the small shops.) clientela•- customarily
- customer
- customs
custom n costumbretr['kʌstəm]1 (tradition, habit) costumbre nombre femenino2 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL (patronage) clientela\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto lose custom perder clientes, perder clientelato withdraw one's custom / take one's custom elsewhere dejar de ser cliente de una tiendacustom ['kʌstəm] adj: a la medida, a la ordencustom n1) : costumbre f, tradición f2) customs npl: aduana fn.• clientela s.f.• costumbre s.f.• derechos de aduana s.m.pl.• hábito s.m.• parroquia s.f.• usanza s.f.• uso s.m.
I 'kʌstəm1) c u (convention, tradition, habit) costumbre f2) u ( patronage) (esp BrE)3) customs pla) (organization, place) aduana fto go through customs — pasar por la aduana; (before n)
customs officer o official — agente mf or oficial mf de aduanas
b) ( tax) derechos mpl arancelarios or de aduana
II
adjective (before n) (esp AmE) < tailor> que trabaja por encargo; < suit> a (la) medida; < car> (hecho) de encargo['kʌstǝm]1. N1) (=habit, usual behaviour) costumbre fsocial customs — costumbres fpl sociales
it is her custom to go for a walk each evening — tiene la costumbre de or tiene por costumbre dar un paseo cada tarde, acostumbra or suele dar un paseo cada tarde
2) (Comm) clientela f ; (=total sales) caja f, ventas fplcustoms2.CPD(esp US) see custom-built; see custom-made* * *
I ['kʌstəm]1) c u (convention, tradition, habit) costumbre f2) u ( patronage) (esp BrE)3) customs pla) (organization, place) aduana fto go through customs — pasar por la aduana; (before n)
customs officer o official — agente mf or oficial mf de aduanas
b) ( tax) derechos mpl arancelarios or de aduana
II
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9 clientèle
clientèle [klijɑ̃tεl]feminine noun[de restaurant, hôtel, coiffeur] clientele ; [de magasin] customers ; [d'avocat] clients ; [de médecin] patients• il a une bonne clientèle [commerçant] he has a lot of customers ; [médecin] he has a lot of patients* * *klijɑ̃tɛl1) (de magasin, restaurant) customers (pl); (d'avocat, de notaire) clients (pl); ( de médecin) patients (pl)avoir une bonne clientèle — [magasin, restaurant] to have a lot of customers; [avocat, médecin] to have a large practice
2) ( habitude d'achat) custom; ( à plus grande échelle) businessje vais lui retirer ma clientèle — I'll take my custom elsewhere, I'll take my business elsewhere
* * *klijɑ̃tɛl nf1) [magasin] customers pl clientele2) [médecin, avocat] practice* * *clientèle nf1 (de magasin, restaurant) customers (pl), clientele; (d'avocat, de notaire) clients (pl); ( de médecin) patients (pl); ( d'hôtel) clientele; la clientèle d'affaires business customers (pl); ils ont surtout une clientèle féminine their customers are mainly women; avoir une bonne clientèle [magasin, restaurant] to have a lot of customers; [avocat, médecin] to have a large practice; se faire une clientèle to build up a clientele; ils ont une clientèle d'entreprises they deal with firms; perdre de la clientèle to lose business ou custom;2 ( habitude d'achat) custom; ( à plus grande échelle) business; accorder sa clientèle à qn to give sb one's custom ou business; je vais lui retirer ma clientèle I'll take my custom elsewhere, I'll take my business elsewhere;3 Hist clients (pl).[klijɑ̃tɛl] nom féminin2. POLITIQUEclientèle électorale electorate, voters -
10 consumer
сущ.1) эк. потребитель; покупательATTRIBUTES: average 2. 1), 2. 2), conventional 2. 2), end 1. 1), final 1. 1), individual 1. 2), industrial 1. 1), а, loyal 1. 1), potential 2. 2), prospective 2. 2), rational 2. 1), reasonable 2. 1), representative 2. 2), n2, target 3. 1), ultimate 2. 2), n1
British consumers are paying much more than their counterparts in mainland Europe for a wide range of goods. — Британские потребители покупают многие товары по значительно более высокой цене, чем потребители материковой Европы.
Our consumers expect products which are not only delicious (and safe) but which have been produced fairly and ethically. — Наши потребители ожидают таких продуктов, которые не только вкусны и безопасны для здоровья, но еще и были произведены надлежащим образом и в согласии с этическими нормами.
An average consumer for heating in Turkey uses fuel wood at a rate of 0.75 m3 yr. — Среднестатистический потребитель отопления в Турции использует 0,75 м3 в год древесного топлива.
See:average consumer, conventional consumer, disadvantaged consumer, end consumer, end-consumer, fickle consumer, final consumer, green consumers, heat consumer, individual consumer, industrial consumer, interested consumer, intermediate consumer, loyal consumer, manipulated consumer, potential consumer, price-conscious consumer, price-sensitive consumer, prospective consumer, rational consumer, reasonable consumer, representative consumer, savvy consumer, target consumer, ultimate consumer, water consumer, consumer acceptance, consumer account, consumer activist, consumer advertisement, consumer advertising, consumer advisory board, consumer advisory council, consumer advocate, consumer affluence, consumer analysis, consumer anticipations, consumer appeal, consumer attitude, consumer audience, consumer awareness, consumer bank, consumer basket, consumer behaviour, consumer benefit, consumer boom, consumer brochure, consumer budget, consumer business, consumer buying decision, consumer capitalism, consumer choice, consumer clinic, consumer club, consumer commodities, consumer communications, consumer comparison, consumer complaint, consumer confidence, consumer container, consumer cooperation, consumer cooperative, consumer council, consumer credit, consumer culture, consumer debenture, consumer decision making, consumer deficit, consumer delivery, consumer demand, consumer diary, consumer discrimination, consumer durable product, consumer durables, consumer economics, consumer education, consumer effect, consumer electronics, consumer environment, consumer equilibrium, consumer evaluation, consumer expectations, consumer expenditure, consumer favour, consumer feedback, consumer finance company, consumer flow, consumer franchise, consumer fraud, consumer goods, consumer group, consumer guide, consumer habit, consumer impression, consumer income, consumer inertia, consumer information, consumer inquiry, consumer insurance, consumer interest, consumer interview, consumer items, consumer jury, consumer knowledge, consumer language, consumer law, consumer learnings, consumer lease, consumer leasing, consumer legislation, consumer lifestyle, consumer lines, consumer list, consumer loan, consumer lobby, consumer loyalty, consumer magazine, consumer market, consumer marketing, consumer motivation, consumer movement, consumer needs, consumer non-durables, consumer orientation, consumer pack, consumer panel, consumer patronage, consumer perception, consumer personality, consumer policy, consumer population, consumer practice, consumer preferences, consumer premium, consumer pressure, consumer price, consumer products, consumer profile, consumer promotion, consumer properties, consumer protection, consumer psychologist, consumer psychology, consumer publication, consumer purchase, consumer purchaser, consumer rating, consumer reaction, consumer relations, consumer report, consumer research, consumer resistance, consumer response, consumer rights, consumer sale, consumer sales, consumer satisfaction, consumer segment, consumer service, consumer services, consumer setting, consumer shopping, consumer society, consumer sophistication, consumer sovereignty, consumer spending, consumer spendings, consumer study, consumer surplus, consumer survey, consumer tastes, consumer trade practices, consumer trends, consumer use tests, consumer utility, consumer valuation, consumer value, consumer vulnerability, consumer warranty, consumer waste, consumer wealth, consumer welfare, consumer's account, consumers' attitude, consumer's choice, consumer's cooperative, consumer's demand, consumers expenditure, consumer's goods, consumer's indifference curve, consumers market, consumers' market, consumers' panel, consumer's point, consumers' preference, consumers' remedy, consumer's surplus, consumers' surplus, consumer's test, consumer's wants, cost to consumer, price to consumer COMBS: business to consumer, business-to-consumer, business-to-consumer firm, competition for the consumer's dollar, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Consumer Credit Protection Act, Consumer Goods Pricing Act, Consumer Magazine and Agri-Media Rates and Data, Consumer Product Safety Act, Consumer Products Warranties Act, Consumer Protection Act 1961, Consumer Protection Act 1971, Consumer Reports, Consumer Safety Act 1978, Department of Banking and Consumer Finance v. Clarke, Ethical Consumer, Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Marketing Act, Home Equity Loan Consumer Protection Act, Telephone Consumer Protection Act 1991, Uniform Consumer Credit Code, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection, Consumer Bankers Association, consumer confidence, consumer expenditure2) биол., эк. прир. консумент (организм, который потребляет другие организмы; выделяют первичные, вторичные и третичные консументы)See:
* * *
потребитель: лицо, которое в конечном итоге пользуется данным товаром или услугой (это не всегда покупатель).* * * -
11 патронаж
1) General subject: patronage, social welfare (с благотворительными и воспитательными целями)2) Medicine: casework, home nursing3) Religion: auspices (Kindly patronage and guidance)4) Jargon: play (особенно в пари)5) Business: social work6) leg.N.P. custodial care, wardship -
12 custom
['kʌstəm]1) (personal habit) costume m., abitudine f., consuetudine f.2) (convention) costume m., usanza f., uso m.3) comm. (patronage) clientela f.* * *1) (what a person etc is in the habit of doing or does regularly: It's my custom to go for a walk on Saturday mornings; religious customs.) abitudine2) (the regular buying of goods at the same shop etc; trade or business: The new supermarkets take away custom from the small shops.) clientela•- customarily
- customer
- customs* * *['kʌstəm]1) (personal habit) costume m., abitudine f., consuetudine f.2) (convention) costume m., usanza f., uso m.3) comm. (patronage) clientela f. -
13 trade
1. n занятие, ремесло, профессия2. n редк. рабочий; ремесленник3. n отрасль торговли; отрасль производства; отрасль промышленности; промышленность4. n торговляillicit trade — незаконная торговля; торговля наркотиками
5. n рынок6. n деловая активность7. n собир. торговое сословие; купцы, купечествоtrade discount — торговая скидка, продажа по сниженным ценам
8. n собир. торговцы или предприниматели; представители определённой профессии9. n собир. разг. лица, имеющие право продажи спиртных напитков; пивовары, винокурыtrade creditor — лицо, предоставившее коммерческий кредит
10. n собир. издатели и книготорговцы11. n собир. мор. разг. подводный флот12. n собир. розничная торговля; магазин, лавкаto be in trade — быть торговцем, иметь магазин
13. n собир. розничные торговцыtrade combination — объединение торговцев; картель
14. n собир. клиентура, покупатели15. n собир. сделка; обменtrade date — дата заключения\исполнения сделки
16. n собир. полит. соглашение; сделкаbarter trade — товарообменная сделка; меновая торговля
17. n собир. диал. уст. или18. n собир. образ жизни19. n собир. линия поведения20. n собир. способ; обычай, привычкаили путешествия туда и обратно; отъезд и приезд; уход и приход
usage of trade — торговый обычай, узанс, узанция
21. n собир. уст. диал. или суматоха; тревоги, треволнения22. n диал. хлам; мусор; отбросы23. n диал. низы общества, дрянь, шваль24. a торговый25. a промышленный; экономический26. a профессиональныйtrade test — профессиональные испытания, проверка мастерства
27. v торговать28. v менять, обменивать29. v обмениваться30. v разг. быть постоянным покупателем; отовариватьсяbe in trade — быть торговцем; иметь магазин
31. v продаватьtrade fair rate — цены, по которым гостиница продает свои услуги на больших гостиничных ярмарках
32. v извлекать выгоду, использовать в личных целяхСинонимический ряд:1. change (noun) change; commutation; interchange; shift; substitution; switch; transposition2. craft (noun) craft; discipline; field; specialty3. exchange (noun) barter; dealing; exchange; purchase; sale; swap4. occupation (noun) art; avocation; calling; employment; handicraft; job; line; livelihood; metier; occupation; profession; pursuit; vocation; work5. patronage (noun) business; commerce; custom; enterprise; industry; patronage; sales; traffic6. bargain (verb) bargain; barter; change; commute; deal in; exchange; interchange; substitute; swap; switch; traffic; traffic in; truck7. patronise (verb) buy; patronise; patronize; purchase; sell; shop -
14 traffic
1. n движение, сообщение; транспорт2. n перевозки; грузооборот3. n св. трафик, поток обмена, рабочая нагрузкаtraffic level — уровень трафика; величина потока сообщений
4. n торговляtraffic in arms, arms traffic — торговля оружием
traffic in drugs, drug traffic — торговля наркотиками
illicit traffic — незаконный оборот; незаконная торговля
opium traffic — торговля, снабжение наркотиками
5. n обмен6. n торговые дела, сделки7. n дела8. a дорожный; транспортныйtraffic accident — несчастный случай на транспорте; дорожно-транспортное происшествие
traffic bottleneck — скопление транспорта, затор, «пробка»
9. v продавать, торговать10. v иметь делоtraffic court — транспортный суд, суд по делам о нарушении безопасности движения
11. v заниматься; сосредоточивать свои интересы12. v ходить, бродитьСинонимический ряд:1. commerce (noun) commerce; communion; dealings; intercourse; truck2. patronage (noun) business; custom; exchange; industry; patronage; trade; transactions3. transit (noun) influx; movement; passage; transit; transportation; travel4. trade (verb) bargain; barter; deal; exchange; swap; trade; truck -
15 trade
торговля имя существительное:торговцы (trade, commercial interests)лавка (shop, store, trade)глагол:обмениваться (swap, trade, change, interchange, swop, swoop)имя прилагательное:профсоюзный (trade, trade-union) -
16 клиентура
1) General subject: connection, constituency (покупатели, подписчики на газету и т. п.), custom, customer base, patronage, trade, clientage, clientelage2) Medicine: practice3) French: clientele5) Economy: public7) Advertising: customer mix8) Business: business9) EBRD: catchment area, client base10) leg.N.P. customers, patrons11) Makarov: clientele (адвоката, нотариуса и т.п.) -
17 Kunde
Kunde m V&M client, customer, account; relationship (Relationship Management) • den Kunden kennen V&M know your customer • Kunden anreißen GEN tout for customers • Kunden werben V&M canvass* * *m <V&M> client, customer, account; Relationship Management relationship ■ den Kunden kennen <V&M> know your customer ■ Kunden anreißen < Geschäft> tout for customers ■ Kunden werben <V&M> canvass* * *Kunde
customer, purchaser, consumer, demander, store buyer (US), (Anwalt) client, (Kenntnis) note, knowledge, (Nachricht) information, news, (Werbeagentur) account;
• auf den Kunden zugeschnitten (Produktangebot) tailored to the customer;
• aus der Sicht der Kunden in customers’ minds;
• ohne Kunden unpatronized;
• Kunden customers, custom, patronage;
• abwanderungsgefährdeter Kunde customer likely to defect;
• in die [Kunden]kartei aufgenommener Kunde registered customer;
• aussichtsreicher Kunde prospect (US);
• auswärtige Kunden customers who have come from abroad;
• bevorzugter Kunde preferential client;
• bar [be]zahlender Kunde cash customer;
• eingetragener Kunde registered customer;
• ertragsstarker Kunde profitable customer;
• fauler Kunde bad customer (egg, US sl.), phony (US sl.);
• fester Kunde regular customer, patron, (Werbeagentur) established account;
• feste Kunden route (US);
• in Konkurs gegangener Kunde bankrupt customer;
• gelegentlicher Kunde stray (chance, street, casual) customer;
• ganz geriebener Kunde cool customer;
• innovationsfreudiger Kunde innovation-oriented customer;
• kreditorische Kunden customers with credit balance;
• langjähriger Kunde customer of long standing, standing customer;
• marktbeherrschender Kunde dominant customer;
• möglicher Kunde prospective customer (consumer), potential client (customer), sales prospect (US);
• nachbestellender Kunde repeat customer;
• Online-Kunde on-line trading customer;
• potenzieller Kunde prospective customer, prospect (US);
• privater Kunde home buyer;
• regelmäßiger Kunde steady customer, patronizer;
• säumiger Kunde delinquent customer;
• sicherer Kunde good man;
• sparsamer Kunde economy-minded customer;
• ständiger Kunde repeat customer;
• täglicher Kunde local customer;
• treuer Kunde faithful customer;
• unangenehmer Kunde awkward customer;
• unsicherer Kunde dead beat (US);
• unzuverlässiger Kunde shifty customer, bad customer (egg, sl.);
• sehr gut verdienender Kunde high-income client;
• vereinzelter Kunde stray (street) customer;
• vermögender Kunde high net worth customer;
• voraussichtlicher Kunde potential (prospective) customer, [sales] prospect (US);
• wichtigster Kunde key customer;
• bar zahlender Kunde cash customer;
• nicht zahlender Kunde defaulting customer;
• zahlungsfähiger Kunde solvent client;
• zufälliger Kunde chance customer;
• zukünftiger Kunde prospective client (customer), prospect (US);
• zuverlässiger Kunde loyal customer;
• Kunde, der anschreiben lässt account customer;
• Kunde mit höchster Erfolgswahrscheinlichkeit high probability client;
• Kunden außerhalb der Euro-Zone customers from non--EMU countries;
• Kunden in der Filmbranche filmmaking clients;
• Kunde aus der Industrie industrial client;
• Kunden aus dem gewerblichen Mittelstand small-business customers;
• Kunde in laufender Rechnung checking-account depositor;
• Kunde im Stadtgebiet home-town (city) customer;
• Kunde mit Zahlungsrückständen delinquent customer;
• letzten Kunden abfertigen to serve the last customer;
• sich einander die Kunden abjagen to steal away each other’s customers, to compete for the same customers;
• Kunden als verloren abschreiben to regard a customer as lost;
• Steuer auf den Kunden abwälzen to pass a tax on to the customer;
• Kunden abwerben (abziehen) to tout customers, to take (entice) away (drum up, US) customers;
• Kunden anlocken to bring customers, to draw customers into the store;
• Kunden gezielt ansprechen to target customers;
• Kunden anziehen to attract (appeal to) customers, to draw customers into the store;
• Kunden akquirieren to acquire (drum up, US) customers;
• Kunden ausspannen to alienate customers;
• Kunden bearbeiten to high-pressure customers;
• Kunden bedienen to attend to (serve) a customer;
• die Kunden optimal bedienen to deliver optimal customer service;
• [bestehenden] Kunden behalten to retain an existing customer;
• Kunden bevorzugt behandeln to grant special favo(u)rs to a customer;
• Porto dem Kunden belasten to charge the postage to the customer;
• Kunden beliefern to forward goods to a customer;
• fremden Kunden beliefern to shortstop (sl.);
• Kunden mit Ware beliefern to serve a customer with goods;
• Kunden besuchen to call on a client, to canvass customers;
• als Kunde bevorzugt besuchen to patronize;
• Kunden in ihren eigenen vier Wänden besuchen to visit customers on their home ground;
• Kunden bevorschussen to make advances to customers;
• Kunden bewirten to entertain customers;
• [vorhandenden] Kunden binden to maintain (increase) customer loyalty;
• dem Kunden oberste Priorität einräumen to put the customer first;
• einem Kunden einen Dienst erweisen to accommodate a client;
• Kunden gewinnen to acquire customers;
• neuen Kunden gewinnen to attract a new customer, to gain customer loyalty;
• nur sechs Kunden am Tag gehabt haben (Taxifahrer) to have had only six fares this day;
• es mit schwierigen Kunden zu tun haben to meet with considerable sales resistance;
• Kunden bei der Stange halten to retain a customer;
• Kunden übers Ohr hauen to take (skin, coll.) a customer;
• an einen Kunden herantreten to approach a purchaser;
• seinen Kunden sehr gut kennen to read one’s customer like a book;
• Kunden anschreiben lassen to carry a customer;
• seinen Kunden individuelle Lösungen liefern to provide individual solutions to its customers;
• Kunden abspenstig machen to draw away customers, to knock down a customer (sl.);
• Kunden pflegen (fam.) to keep in with a customer;
• Kunden schleppen to canvass for customers, to tour (coll.);
• Kunde sein to trade (US);
• regelmäßiger Kunde sein to patronize;
• Kunden überweisen to recommend customers;
• Kunden zum Kauf verleiten to allure customers to buy goods;
• auf Kunden warten (Taxifahrer) to ply for hire (Br.);
• Kunden werben to acquire (canvass, solicit) customers, to bring business, (marktschreierisch) to bark (US sl.);
• j. zu seinen Kunden zählen to have s. one’s custom;
• Kunden zuführen to bring (attract, introduce, tout, coll.) customers;
• auf den Kunden zugehen to go to the customer.
Kunde, der anschreiben lässt
account customer -
18 impresaria|t
m (G impresariatu) 1. (instytucja) (show business/artistic) management company- impresariat muzyczny a music management company- prowadzić impresariat wystaw to run an exhibition management company2. sgt (działalność) (show business/artistic) management- państwowy impresariat state patronage of the artsThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > impresaria|t
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19 поддержка
1) General subject: advocacy, aegis, aid, aliment, alimentation, approval, backing, backstop, backup, buttress, carry (в фигурном катании), cheer, column, comfort, committal (чего-л.), countenance, dolly (для заклёпок), egis, encouragement, endorsement, entertainment, espousal, exhortation, favoritism, furtherance, identification, nourishment, patronage, pick me up, push, sanction (чего-л.), (предложения на заседании) second (the motion fails for lack of a second), smile, smiles, staff, stay, supporting, sustaining, sustenance, sustention, (чья-л.) the light of (smb.'s) countenance, uplift, vindication, underpinning2) Zoology: fulcrum3) Medicine: cradle4) Colloquial: boost, pick-me-up5) American: favor, indorsation6) Literal: crutch7) Sports: hand spot, (в парном катании) lift (фигурное катание на коньках)8) Latin: victus9) Military: maintenance, support10) Engineering: assistance (помощь), holdback, holdup, rest, bucking bar13) Construction: dolly bar, holding-up tool, riveting knob, standard, shoulder14) Railway term: dolly device (при клёпке сверлении и т. п.), supporter17) Accounting: favour, maintenance (одной из сторон в суде)18) Automobile industry: poppet20) Metallurgy: stave21) Polygraphy: backing up22) Telecommunications: capability (режима)23) Jargon: shot in the arm25) Sociology: maintenance support26) Astronautics: housekeeping27) Banking: back up29) Ecology: back-up30) Mass media: support for (sth) (ч-л)31) Business: help, indorsement, upholding32) Automation: backing-up, bolster, brace, bucking tool (при клёпке), hold-back, holder-up, steady, (техническая) support33) Chemical weapons: endorsement (публичная поддержка со стороны известных деятелей)35) oil&gas: maintaining36) Logistics: bolstering, shoring -
20 право назначения на должность
1) Religion: patronage2) Business: nominationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > право назначения на должность
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См. также в других словарях:
Patronage — is the support, encouragement, privilege and often financial aid given by a person or an organization. It can also refer to the right of bestowing offices or church benefices, the business given by a regular customer, and the guardianship of… … Wikipedia
patronage — I (power to appoint jobs) noun advantage, assistance, auctoritas, authority, backing, choice, control, controlling power, directing agency, dominance, domination, favor, good offices, gratia, indulgentia, influence, influentiality, patrocinium,… … Law dictionary
Patronage concentration — is a term used in marketing. It is the share of an individual consumer s expenditures in an industry that is spent at one company. It is the amount that a person spends at one company divided by the amount that person spends at all companies in… … Wikipedia
patronage — pat‧ron‧age [ˈpætrənɪdʒ] noun [uncountable] 1. COMMERCE the support a customer gives a shop, restaurant etc by spending money there: • What will prevent the customer from shifting his patronage to someone else? 2. the support given to an… … Financial and business terms
Patronage in ancient Rome — Patronage (clientela) was the distinctive relationship in ancient Roman society between the patronus (plural patroni, patron ) and his client (cliens, plural clientes). The relationship was hierarchical, but obligations were mutual. The patronus… … Wikipedia
Patronage — Pa tron*age, n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. patronatus.] 1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; patronage given to an author. [1913 Webster] 2 … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
patronage — [n1] support of a cause advocacy, aegis, aid, assistance, auspices, backing, benefaction, championship, encouragement, financing, grant, guardianship, help, promotion, protection, recommendation, sponsorship, subsidy, support; concepts… … New thesaurus
business — [biz′nis] n. [ME bisinesse < OE bisignes: see BUSY & NESS] 1. one s work, occupation, or profession 2. a special task, duty, or function 3. rightful concern or responsibility [no one s business but his own] 4. a matter, affair, activity, etc … English World dictionary
patronage — (n.) early 15c., right of presenting a qualified person to a church benefice, from M.L. patronizare (late 14c.) or O.Fr. patroniser; see PATRON (Cf. patron). General sense of power to give jobs or favors is from 1769; meaning regular business of… … Etymology dictionary
patronage — [pā′trə nij, pa′trən ij] n. [OFr: see PATRON & AGE] 1. a) the function or status of a patron b) support, encouragement, sponsorship, etc. given by a patron 2. goodwill, favor, courtesy, etc. shown to people considered inferior; condescension … English World dictionary
business — I (New American Roget s College Thesaurus) Commercial enterprise Nouns 1. business, occupation, employment, pursuit; venture (See undertaking); task, work, job, chore, errand, commission, charge, care, assignment; busy work; racket. Slang, bag. 2 … English dictionary for students